GC I.10 μίξις

Argument (καθάπερ λέγουσί τινες) against mixture (μίξις) (327a35-b7):
(a) If the ingredients still exist and are not altered at all, they are no more mixed than they were before.
(b) If one ingredient is destroyed, then there is no mixture, because one ingredient exists while the other does not. For, mixture is composed of ingredients which remain what they were before.
(c) If both ingredients are destroyed, then there is no mixture. Based on the same reason as (b).

GC I.7

Two ways of speaking of acting-upon and being-acted upon 324a16-24:
1. The substratum: sometimes we say that it is the substratum which is acted upon, e.g., a man is restored to health, or that it is the man who causes heat.
2. The contraries: sometimes we say that it is the contrary which is acted upon, e.g., the cold is heated or the hot causes heat.

GC I.5

What is it that grows?

Ἀπορήσειε δ’ ἄν τις καὶ τί ἐστι τὸ αὐξανόμενον, πότερον ᾧ προστίθεταί τι, οἷον εἰ τὴν κνήμην αὐξάνει, αὕτη μείζων, ᾧ δὲ αὐξάνει, ἡ τροφή, οὔ. Διὰ τί δὴ οὖν οὐκ ἄμφω ηὔξηται; μεῖζον γὰρ καὶ ὃ καὶ ᾧ, ὥσπερ ὅταν μίξῃς οἶνον ὕδατι· ὁμοίως γὰρ πλεῖον ἑκάτερον. Ἢ ὅτι τοῦ μὲν μένει ἡ οὐσία, τοῦ δ’ οὔ, οἷον τῆς τροφῆς, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἐπικρατοῦν λέγεται ἐν τῇ μίξει, οἷον ὅτι οἶνος· ποιεῖ γὰρ τὸ τοῦ οἴνου ἔργον ἀλλ’ οὐ τὸ τοῦ ὕδατος τὸ συνόλον μίγμα. (I.5, 321a29-321b2)

GC I.4

Difference between coming-to-be and alteration

Definition of alteration
Ἐπειδὴ οὖν ἐστί τι τὸ ὑποκείμενον καὶ ἕτερον τὸ πάθος ὃ κατὰ τοῦ ὑποκειμένου λέγεσθαι πέφυκεν, καὶ ἔστι μεταβολὴ ἑκατέρου τούτων, ἀλλοίωσις μέν ἐστιν, ὅταν ὑπομένοντος τοῦ ὑποκειμένου, αἰσθητοῦ ὄντος, μεταβάλλῃ ἐν τοῖς αὑτοῦ πάθεσιν, ἢ ἐναντίοις οὖσιν ἢ μεταξύ, οἷον τὸ σῶμα ὑγιαίνει καὶ πάλιν κάμνει ὑπομένον γε ταὐτό, καὶ ὁ χαλκὸς στρογγύλος, ὁτὲ δὲ γωνιοειδὴς ὁ αὐτός γε ὤν. (319b10-14)

GC I.3

Οὔσης δ’ αἰτίας μιᾶς μὲν ὅθεν τὴν ἀρχὴν εἶναί φαμεν τῆς κινήσεως, μιᾶς δὲ τῆς ὕλης, τὴν τοιαύτην αἰτίαν λεκτέον. Περὶ μὲν γὰρ ἐκείνης εἴρηται πρότερον ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λόγοις, ὅτι ἐστὶ τὸ μὲν ἀκίνητον τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον, τὸ δὲ κινούμενον ἀεί. (318a1-5)

GC deals with the material explanation of motion whereas Physics VIII.6, 258bff deals with the efficient explanation of motion.

GC I.1

Is the nature of coming-to-be and alteration the same?

Anaxagoras: earth, fire, water, and air are composites, since everything is constructed out of a single element. It follows that coming-to-be and passing-away are the same as alteration, since their substratum remains one and the same.

Empedocles: earth, fire, water, and air are four simple elements. Coming-to-be and passing-away occur when the elements come together (i.e., association) and are dissolved (i.e., dissociation) (but there is no coming-to-be and passing-away of the four elements), whereas alteration is change of qualities. It follows that coming-to-be and passing-away cannot be the same as alteration.